bakubo wrote:Alfonso, David, Pako: Thanks for the info about the procession in Spain. I wonder if the origin of the dunce hat came from those pointed masked hats?
Unconnected, I think. The pointed dunce hat (marked with a D, and not just in cartoons) was placed on the head of the child (boy) who was bottom of the class in schools - I don't know the earliest date, but certainly predates Victorian schools and goes back to late mediaeval times. I think the captured sailors thought the Spanish penitent's hoods looked like dunce hats, though the words used in the Elizabethan/Jacobean accounts was fool. These accounts were, in any case, propaganda leaflets. When an adventurer or sailor returned from captivity abroad, they could quickly find a publisher who would help them with the writing side of it, and if the pamphlet said enough bad things about Spain or glorified the rewards of becoming a seaman/soldier, they might be awarded a Royal pension as well as benefiting from the sales. So whatever they thought, they would make it a bit sensational, just the same as any modern sell-your-story to the newspapers.
Duns, the town, is about 15 miles from here. The words dunce is supposed to mean a person from Duns, though it is hard to know why the town got this reputation. Duns Scotus, an eminent mediaeval academic and true European who left Scotland to study at universities on the continent, was a brilliant mind. I suspect the connection is false and was made later on. I know three excellent photographers from the town or nearby - Lawson Wood, now emigrated to the Cayman Islands to run underwater photography courses and a dive school; Laurie Campbell, a truly modest and painstaking wildlife photographer; and John Corbett, a competent wildlife shooter best known for a career doing the sound recordings of wildlife and birds for BBC natural history programs. None of 'em dunces!
David